During which time is water consumption in systems typically considered off-peak?

Water consumption in utility systems is generally considered off-peak during the nighttime hours, specifically from 10 pm to 6 am. During this period, residential and commercial activities significantly decrease, resulting in lower water demand. Most people are at home or asleep, and businesses are typically closed. This leads to a lull in water usage, allowing for maintenance activities to be performed without impacting the majority of consumers.

In contrast, other time periods such as early morning and late afternoon coincide with peak usage times, as many consumers are starting their day, cooking, showering, or using appliances. Understanding these patterns is critical for utilities as it helps in planning maintenance, ensuring water quality, and managing supply effectively.