What does cathodic protection prevent?

Cathodic protection is a technique used to prevent rust corrosion, particularly in metal structures that are buried underground or submerged in water. It works by using electrochemical processes to protect a metal surface from the oxidizing conditions that lead to corrosion. When a metal surface is connected to a sacrificial anode (a more reactive metal), the anode corrodes instead of the protected metal, effectively slowing or stopping the rusting process.

This method is particularly important for pipelines, storage tanks, and other structures made of materials like steel that are susceptible to corrosion when exposed to moisture and oxygen. By implementing cathodic protection, utilities and maintenance workers can significantly extend the lifespan of metal infrastructure and reduce maintenance costs associated with corrosion damage.

The other options, while relating to various maintenance concerns, do not accurately reflect the primary function of cathodic protection. Water contamination relates to issues of pollutants entering water supplies, algal growth pertains mainly to nutrient pollution in water bodies, and leakage in pipelines can result from various factors, including mechanical failure or poor construction, but not specifically from corrosion in the context of cathodic protection.