What is meant by friction loss in a water system?

Friction loss in a water system refers to the loss of head pressure or energy that occurs as water flows through pipes, valves, fittings, and other components of the system. This loss is primarily due to the resistance encountered from the internal surface of the pipes and any obstacles or changes in direction that the water encounters along its path. As the water moves, the particles of water constantly collide with the surfaces of the pipes and with each other, which results in energy dissipation primarily in the form of heat.

Understanding friction loss is crucial for engineers and maintenance workers when designing, maintaining, and operating water distribution systems. It directly affects the overall efficiency of the system, influencing pump selection and the sizing of pipes to ensure that adequate pressure is maintained throughout the network. Calculating friction loss helps ensure that systems can deliver water effectively while minimizing energy consumption.